用语言来表达关系,绝对不比数理逻辑清楚;但是用数理逻辑来表达概念,比用语言烦冗费时得多,所以更难彰显张力。
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ Welcome! 欢迎!@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
Welcome to my virtual home. This is a little private space for me to put my thoughts and share my feelings since 2005. Due to my wide range of interests, there are perhaps too many tags. I would explain some of the less obvious tags:
"About Life" is really about how I have been pondering about life and what enlightenments and paradigm shifts I had experienced.
"About Psi" contains most topics about happiness, optimism vs pessimism,
confidence, comparison, pride and prejudice and other psychological aspects.
"About Logical Thinking" is about my own way of interpretating and explaining
certain issues, aiming to debunk (or create?) superficialness of them.
"About Ideology" is about my thoughts on big concepts like freedom, justice,
fairness in society and religion.
"About Society" is more about my observations about the society, often through interactions with different peoples.
"My Country" reveals my frustration, critics and hope
on my homeland - Malaysia.
"My Little Pieces" has more short posts though mostly are written in Mandarin.
While I do have some posts on book reviews and business, I am planning to
separate them into author-specific and content-specific blogs. Stay tuned.
Enjoy your reading!
Tuesday, March 2, 2010
语言表达之我见
Posted by clim at 10:47 PM 3 comments
Labels: About Language | 语文天地, About Logical Thinking | 逻辑思维
Friday, September 11, 2009
<转载> 中国汉字是抄袭日本的吗?
说起“日货”,通常是指日产的汽车、家电等。而当代汉语中也存在着“日货”,占到了当代中国汉语的70%以上(社会和文科学方面)。 属于外来语的日本汉语,对中国当代文化起着巨大的作用。 我们用老祖宗造的字,组成日本独创的词,普遍应用在日常生活里,说明一个事实:“汉语”已经成为汉文化圈共享的历史文明。 这些外来词汇只是现代化的骨架,并不是现代化的灵魂。有了现代化的骨架,却还没有足够的现代化的血肉,骨骼够大,但是营养不良,当代文化的窘境大概就在于此。解决窘境之路,不在于更换“骨架”,而在于锲而不舍地为当下的文化重建,补充现代人文的“营养”。 无处不在的日本汉语 我们看娱乐新闻,有一条说,小沈阳参加春晚之后,人气大涨;还有一条说,田亮拍了南非性感狂野写真。“人气”和“写真”这两个词,我们已经耳熟能详,司空见惯,可是,很少人知道,这两个词是不折不扣的外来词,是源自日本汉语的两个词。 我们再看看下面来自日本汉语的几个词: 1.解读,分析解说某项政策、观点、理论。比如,解读政策,解读谜团,解读**** 2.新锐,在某一领域新出现的有影响力的人、产品,比如,新锐人物,新锐导演,新锐汽车…… 3.职场,工作的场所,比如,职场人生,职场技巧,职场人物…… 4.新人类,新人,新出现的人物,比如,常常形容90后的孩子是新人类。 5.视点,评论人的立场和观点,比如,专家视点 6.亲子,父母的孩子,比如,亲子课堂 7.达人,艺术、手艺、学术方面的大师。 8.放送,播放。比如,影视金曲大放送,新歌大放送 9.完败,以大比分,或者以明显劣势而输给对手。比如,北京国安队完败于上海申花队。 10.完胜,以大比分,或者以明显劣势而取胜对手。比如,北京国安队完胜于上海申花队。 11.上位,成熟,上路的意思,比如,他已经上位了。 12.点滴,输液的意思。 13.量贩,大量销售商品。比如,量贩式KTV,量贩式超市。 还有一些常用词汇,都来源于日本汉语,比如: 健康、卫生、衬衣、宠儿、乘客、储蓄、反感、化妆品、接吻、紧张、批评、企业、气氛、人格、肉弹、升华、生产、体育、通货膨胀、通货收缩、同情、统计、文化、文明、文学、时间、劳动、服务、白血病、鼻翼、剥离、大气污染、关节炎、抗体、麻醉药、牵引、弱视、色盲、糖尿病、听力、血压、…… 除了词汇之外,还有一些用法,也深深影响着我们的日常表达,比如 1.超…… 超强,超豪华,超爽,超动人 2.准…… 准新娘,准新郎,准妈妈,准爸爸 3.真…… 真英雄,真好汉,真男儿,比如,他是一个真男人! 4.无某某之必要 比如,无解释的必要 在文章最后,还附录了一批常用的日本汉语词汇,这些词汇对当代中国人的生活影响太大了。 用老祖宗的字,写外国人的词 这些深入中国老百姓生活的外来词,或是日本独创的词,或是改造了中国原有的旧词,独创了新的含义,比如,博士,今天大学培养出的博士,就是来自于日本汉语,是日本独创的新义,而并不是传统中文的博士之意。我们今天用的也是日本意义的“博士”。 日本汉语影响现代中国,有4个主要特点: 1.范围大,程度深 70%多的人文学科和社会生活用词,都是源于日本汉语。如果,我们不用这些外来词,我们几乎张不开口,说不成整句,甚至可以说,会影响我们的语义表达。 2.进入了人文学科的话语体系 在人文学科之中,大量的日本汉语词汇进入了学科的话语体系,比如,历史学科的“历史学”名称,就是日本汉语词汇。涉及到法律、社会学、哲学、政治学、历史学,大量的概念话语,都是日本汉语构造的,比如,我们熟知的“文化”这个词。 3.有力地推动了中国的现代化 中国的近代化和现代化,在文化层面上,日本汉语的贡献居功至伟,中国知识分子借用日本汉语现成的词汇,能够方便、快捷地展开研究,有力地推动了“西学”在中国的传播,大大推动了思想启蒙,这对中国近代化和现代化进程起到了巨大的推动作用。 值得一提的是,在晚清民初,中国本土的知识分子也大量翻译了西方现代自然科学和人文科学的名词,可是,让人惊讶的是,这些本土的翻译词汇和日本汉语的词汇一PK,相同的翻译词汇,大都是本土词汇完败。 4.外来词在中国已渐渐行成“传统” 从国别上来讲,日本汉语影响中国,当然是日本的汉文化“倒流”中国,近百年来,我们中国人长期使用,很多人都忘记了自己脱口而出的词汇是外来词,“时间”这个词,又有多少人会意识到这是外来词呢?渐渐地成了当代汉语的“新传统”。 是“倒流”华夏,不是文化入侵 很久以来,对日本汉语影响当代中国的文化事实,有的人比较忌讳,还有的人甚至称之为“文化入侵”,更有甚者,称之为“汉语的灾难”,这些都是站在狭隘的文化立场上。 汉语,是汉文化圈所共享的历史文明,中世纪时期,中国汉语深刻影响了日本、韩国和越南等国家,到了近代,日本汉语大举登陆,“倒流”华夏,反过来又从思想上推动了中国的现代化。这就是文化融合的典型个案。 有的朋友说,能不能全部抛弃这些日本汉语,重新弄一套中国汉语的词汇,我认为这不并不现实,而且毫无必要。文化交流从来都是双向的,我们使用大量的外来词语,只会为我们自己的现代化所用。 我们应该清楚地明白,这些外来词汇只是现代化的框架,并不是现代化的内容,只是西学的骨架,并不是西学的灵魂,真正值得我们反思的是,我们走上了“西学”的道路,可在人文学科建设上并不尽如人意。有多少人拿着“文化”这个词,去做伪文化的事情,用着“文明”这个词,在演绎着伪文明。 有了现代化的骨架,却还没有足够的现代化的血肉,骨骼够大,但是营养不良,当代文化的窘境大概就在于此。解决窘境之路,不在于更换“骨架”,而在于锲而不舍地为当下的文化重建,补充现代人文的“营养”。 (文/裴钰)
Posted by clim at 5:26 PM 0 comments
Sunday, August 23, 2009
Homework
Soon I will deviate from the normal path and prepare to take on whatever uncertainties that lay ahead. Deep down my heart, there are always anxieties and doubts, but this time I will not surrender myself to my biggest weakness: cowardice. Avoidance to make important decisions for previous life crossroads hasn't brought me any devastating disaster yet, but luck may one day elude me. And so I cannot continue the habit. Eagerly anticipating the moment to set the sail, charge into unknown sea and chart my own territory. Few more months ahead.
Aside from all the greater greed and goods, I have other causes to take care of. Hopefully, within a year, I can greatly improve both of my languages. This homework, is a life-long homework; but I will intensify my efforts in the coming year.
Posted by clim at 4:34 PM 0 comments
Labels: About Language | 语文天地, My Memories | 往风淡忆
Sunday, August 16, 2009
兴趣最重要
小时候很讨厌学英文,因为父母和其他长辈总是说,不学好英文将来在社会难以谋生。尽管这些话都是苦口良心,但听来总是逆耳,不为什么,就是觉得为了生计去学英文很没骨气。再加上学校从小就教枯燥乏味复杂难懂的语法,直接把点燃兴趣的最后一个希望给灭掉。每当学校放假时,父母都想让我去上额外的英文补习班,想来他们应该很为我的英文水平而操心,但搞不懂我哪里来的倔强,硬是辩说没有兴趣学,学了也是白学;等到我有兴趣学,我自然会去学。
这个等字,一等就是好几年,从小学到初中,我从来没有把学习英文放在心上,英文越差就越想证明靠华文强我还是可以读下去,而我尤其瞧不起邻家那些家庭环境培养出来满口洋腔的小孩,怎么华文那么烂啊?或许遇上他们是我的不幸,不巧地加深了我认为华文英文不能兼修,取一就得舍一的偏见。
时光就这样悠转,直到我有了电脑,开始接触到电脑游戏如星海争霸,帝国时代等,因为游戏很好玩,被其故事所吸引,才觉得英文原来挺有意思。兴趣,终于等到了!想不到我正式开始学英文,竟是从电脑游戏剧情里的英文着手。自此,情况就好转起来。中四时遇到好老师Mr.Lai(可惜他英年早逝), 中六时精英同学大都转校,我这个廖化居然在班上的英文课得到老师的认同,开始建立起信心,因而更有兴趣学习英文。
无奈基础太弱,来新之前的英文其实还是很糟糕,认识和能用的词汇不多,到十七岁,才知道用了十多年的,是brain;到二十岁,才知道抱了十多年的,叫boulster,不可谓不丢脸,但兴趣的火苗既然已在心中燃起来了,要进步就不是件难事了。
到大学的第二年,偶然地认识到,原来英文那么多没有逻辑的不规则用法,字母和真正发音的不规律系统,和那些无谓庞大的词库,背后有其动人的一系列演变,一段段蜿蜒的历史。当我知道她从盎格鲁撒克逊语源起,历经拉丁语和法语漫长的洗礼,再回到莎翁等人的艺术改造,我才乐于接受她浩瀚的词库。至此,我完全抛弃所有对英文的偏见,因为她不是轻佻的、浅薄的、粗燥的、无味的。兴趣,又升级了!
而最近,我接触到字根词源(root),明白到英文辞海里大多词是从希腊和拉丁的字根里演变出来的。汉语有造字六法,而英文也是从主要的字根里循规则造出来的,惊叹人类造字竟是异曲同工。兴趣,再升级!掌握繁多的词汇,变得轻松许多;学习语言的乐趣,逐渐加强;发现不同语言之间的
相同或不同之处,带来处处惊喜;再参照许多从西方引起日本,从日本引起中国的现代汉语词汇,去思考中文西化的优劣,更让我沉浸于通过学习不同语言背后的文化,来构建一条条互通的桥梁,画出更清晰的图景。
譬如,为什么根类植物叫radish,而灭除叫eradicate,如果你知道radi在拉丁语里代表根,e代表出去,就能轻而易举地明白灭除是从除根之义延伸出来,而我们,不也有“斩草除根”的成语吗?神奇神奇。
又如为什么房贷叫mortgage?Mortgage和Mortuary(停尸间)有什么联系?其实都是从Mortis延伸出来的,去查下罗马的死神叫什么吧。 房贷抵押的词源,就是源自以前封建时代,长子继承家族的一切的传统,以长子的身份作为保证和抵押,因为老爸死了财产就归他的。真无良,封建时代,到处都一样。
我手头上有几本字根的书,但就只是工具书,功利性很强,读下来丝毫没有发现的乐趣。于是我逐个词逐个词自己慢慢去寻根,往往能有意外惊喜,不亦乐乎。语言,原来就是一部简史,隐藏着一段段可歌可泣的历史。尽管时代在迅速地改变,但有些基点是不会变的,怎么去感受和认识这世界最基本的元素,始终如一,这一些都可以在语言里找到。而每一个时代不同的变迁,每一个时代所创造的特殊物品和精神,也通过相对应被创造的词汇,展现了出来。多么有趣呢!如果这些东西没有趣,那俗世平日庸碌的打拼最有趣!
人不应只懂如何生存,更应懂怎么生活。“工具论”,贻误我多少青春?学好英文,就能与世界接轨?只通过知道那肤浅的表面,笑话!如果当初启蒙的英文教师们,哪怕只要有一个,能让我明白英文复杂背后的动人故事,浅谈各种历史文化社会变迁,我想我对中华文明的幼稚偏执将会更早烟消云散,而不用走了一大圈才发觉自己的无知,落后了几光年。
当然不是每个人长大后都仍会对这些东西感兴趣,但在年少对任何事物都特别好奇时,如果获得适当的启蒙,我想对日后应该裨益良多,偏执不会那么深,误入的歧途也不会那么多。毕竟,把一门语言当作工具来学,是多么亵渎地她,也为多少英语非母语的人(尤其是亚洲人)带来噩梦?我不认同若连自己的文化都了解不深,就没有空间学习另外一种文化的说法。任何封闭的文化,都将走向消亡。有了外国的月亮,才能互相参照、比较、吸收和融汇。
Posted by clim at 3:29 AM 0 comments
Labels: About Language | 语文天地
Sunday, July 12, 2009
Life UPs
Isn't your life f'ck up?
Your work is so mess up,
do anything also screw up,
go anywhere also line up,
meet anyone also make up,
aren't you fed up?
Fares and fees keep hiking up,
loans and debts keep building up.
You put money in banks to save up,
but your interests only get eaten up.
You buy shares hoping that it goes up,
but end up it just busts up.
So, what's up?
Isn't your life really f'ck up?
Aren't you really fed up?
Shouldn't you just give up?
Hold up!
Let's get a cup of seven up...
Let's go for bottom up...
Let's find someone to cheer you up...
Let's think of parents whom raise you up...
Do you still feel like giving up?
Or you slowly find your mood heals up?
So, what's up?
Isn't your life a bit f'ck up?
Aren't you a bit fed up?
But...
Life is never full of ups,
on and off there will be hiccups.
Just buck up!
It's time to wake up,
It's time to think up,
Don't be afraid to stand up,
swear but keep your head up,
smile and cheer your friends up.
So, what's up?
Isn't your life f'ck up?
Aren't you fed up?
But so what!
Just buck up!
and day day up~
Posted by clim at 6:49 PM 0 comments
Labels: About Language | 语文天地, About Life | 寻梦之路, My Little Pieces | 心路文影
Sunday, May 17, 2009
Sunday, July 13, 2008
Mispronounced words
On few occasions friends like Kok Heng, Krix and my Prof Comm teacher had told me some words that are so commonly mispronounced until they seem to be the right one. I've this idea of compiling a list of mispronounced words for long and decided to do now. It's time to improve it by myself before I need to attend those expensive courses. Resources are from various forums and sites, (mainly from SG,MY,HK) for free. So powerful is Internet. Hurray!
From here, I've copied the reasons for mispronunciation.
1 Silent letters
2 Wrong stress
3 Foreign words
4 Poor articulation
5 Mother- tongue influence
6 Wrong syllable division
(If you have any mispronounced word that's not in the list, please share. :D)
Learning about wrong syllable stress is still a step too far for me, and poor articulation of pair like "n & l", "r & l" and others has too many cases, hence the list contains mispronunciation mainly caused by wrong assumption and silent letters.
You can check the correct pronunciation of any word from these sites:
1. Yourdictionary
2. Dictionary reference
P/S: Those mispronunciations with *** in front sound very obvious.
Joking :)
Second
#So as many words like collect, continue, compare and ec cetera. One of the obvious exception is colleague. See below.
#Also, words with co have so many different pronunciations that's worth more attention as how "company", "colleague", "committee", "cold" are pronounced differently.
broccoli: bräk′ä lē (X) || bräk′ə lē (√) (sounds kə but not ko)
introduce: in′tro doos′ (X) || in′trə doos′ (√) (sounds trə but not tro)
opportunity: äpôr too nə tē (X) || äp′ər too nə tē (√) (sounds pər but not por)
restaurant: res′tô rənt′ (X) || res′tə ränt′ (√) (no torrent please! It's te-ront/te-rənt)
*** lettuce: let′yooz (X) || let′əs (√) (sounds təs but not tyouz)
fatigue: fa tēg′ (X) || fə tēg′ (√) (sounds fə but not fae)
*** purchase: pʉr′chās (X) || pʉr′chəs (√) (don't chase please...)
perimeter: pe rim′ə tər (X) || pə rim′ə tər (√) (sounds pə but not pae)
parameter: pe rəm′ə tər (X) || pə ram′ə tər (√) (sounds pə but not pae)
spaghetti: spe get′ē (X) || spə get′ē (√) (sounds spə but not spare)
parliament: pär′li mənt (X) || pär′lə mənt (√) (sounds lə but not li)
industry: in′dus trē (X) || in′dəs trē (√) (sounds dəs but not dust)
colleague: kəl′ēg′ (X) || käl′ēg′ (√) (sounds ko but not kə)
entrepreneur: än′trə prə nər′ (X) || än′trə prə nʉr′ (√) (sounds nur but not ner)
*** awry: äl'ri (X) || ə rī′ (√) (sounds e-rye but not a-ri)
*** baton: bā′ tən (X) || bə tän′ (√) (don't pronounce bae-ten because of bacon)
***calender: kəlen dər (X) || kal′ən dər (√) (sounds k-lən but not kə-land)
*** lavender: läv′en dər (X) || lav′ən dər (√) (same with calender)
*** deluge: di′lärj (X) || del′yooj′ (√) (sounds dae-liuch but not di-large)
gamma gäm′ä (X) || gam′ə (√) (sounds gae-me but not gaa-maa)
sarcastic: sär käs′tik (X) || sär kas′tik (√) (sounds kaes but not kas)
presentation: prē zent tā′shən (X) || prez′ən tā′shən (√) (sounds prae-sənt but not pri-sent)
precedence: pris′i dəns (X) || pres′ə dəns (√) (sounds prae- but not pri)
preferable: prif′ər ə bəl (X) || pref′ər ə bəl (√) (sounds prae- but not pri)
irreparable: i ri per′ rə bəl (X) || i rep′ə rə bəl (√) (doesn't sounds as repair)
chamber: cham′bər (X) || chām′bər (√) (sounds cheim but not chaem)
market: mär′ket (X) || mär′kit (√) (sounds kit but not keat)
*** spinach: spin′ach (X) || spin′ich (√) (yes, the 'a' sounds 'i' but not 'a')
women: woo' mən (X) || wim′in (√) (sounds wi but not woo, woo is for woman)
deviant: dē′vī ənt (X) || dē′vē ənt (√) (sounds ve-ian but not vai-ian)
drought: drôut (X) || drout (√) (sounds drao-t but not dro-t)
lounge: lônch (X) || lounj (√) (sounds laon but not lon)
hierarchy: hī′rär′kē (X) || hī′ər är′kē (√) (sounds higher-archy but not high-archy)
coalition : kō′ lish′ən (X) || kō′ə lish′ən (√) (please don't skip 'a')
*** oasis: ō ä′sis (X) || ō ā′sis (√) (sounds ay but not a)
*** flour: flä (X) || flour (√) (sounds flao-er but not fla)
*** flower: flouwʉr (X) || flour (√) (same pronunciation as flour, no w sound)
*** zoology: zoo l′ə jē (X) || zō äl′ə jē (√) (just doesn't sound like zoo)
language: laŋ′gweich (X) || laŋ′gwij (√) (sounds gwi but not gwei)
tuition: tyoo sh′ən (X) || tyoo i sh′ən (√) (please don't skip 'i')
suite: soot (X) || swēt (√) (sounds sweet but not suit)
schedule: ske′dyool (X) || ske′jool (√) (sounds jool but not dyool)
education: ed'yoo kā′shən (X) || ej′oo kā′shən (√) (sounds joo but not dyoo)
pleasure: plesh′ər (X) || plezh′ər (√) (it's not s but z)
pressure: prezh'ər (X) || presh′ər (√) (it's not z but s, @.@)
February: feb′ər′ē (X) || feb′roo er′ē (√) (same)
doubt: doubt (X)|| dout (√) (silent b)
climb: klīmb (X)|| klīm (√) (silent b)
yatch: yätch (X)|| yät (√) (silent ch)
Wednesday: wenʉrs dā (X) || wenz′dā (√) (silent d, it's wence-day!)
evening: ēvəniŋ (X) || ēv′niŋ (√) (silent e)
vegetable: veji′tə bəl (X) || vej′tə bəl (√) (silent e)
avalanche: av′ə lanche′ (X) || av′ə lanch′ (√) (silent e)
lambaste: lam bāst′ə (X) || lam bāst′ (√) (silent e, sounds lambeist)
shepherd: shep h′ərd (X) || shep′ərd (√) (silent h)
mischievous: mis′chi vəs (X) || mis′chə vəs (√) (silent i)
medicine: med'isən (X) || med′ə sən; Brit med′sən (if i does sound, it sounds de but not di)
almond: ä′lmənd (X) || ä′mənd (√) (silent l)
salmon: salm′ən (X) || sam′ən (√) (silent l)
isle: īsle (X) || īl (√) (silent s)
debris: də brē′z (X) || də brē′ (silent s)
rapport: ra pôr′t (X) || ra pôr′ (√) (silent t)
listen: lis′tən (X) || lis′ən (√) (silent t)
often: ôf′ tən (X) || ôf′ən (√) (silent t)
soften: sôf′ tən (X) || sôf′ən (√) (silent t)
fasten: fas′tən (X) || fas′ən (√) (silent t)
hasten: hās′tən (X) || hās′ən (√) (silent t)
sword: swôrd (X) || sôrd (√) (silent w)
prowess: prou′wəs (X) || prou′is (√) (silent w)
coward: kou′wərd (X) || kou′ərd (√) (silent w)
sachet: sa chet (X) || sa shā′ (√) (sounds shay but not chet)
grand prix: (it's a french word gron-pre, not grand-prix!)
lingirie: län′zhə rā′ (√) (not linger-ie!)
rendezvous : rän′dā voo (√) (not ren-de-vous!)
parque: pär kwə (X) || pär kā′ (√) (sounds kay)
plateau: pla too′ (X) || pla tō′ (√) (sounds to but not two)
When I browsed different forums, I often came across heated debates over why should we improve our pronunciation. I do not want to drag myself into this meaningless debate. Choice. If you need to improve it and you want to, do it. If you don't need to, don't bother about it. Life will be easier if we don't enforce our thoughts onto others without empathy.
I am afraid I can't rectify all mistakes too, and hence I put it here to serve as my future reference, and also for your reference.
I take it you already know
Of tough and bough and cough and dough.
Others may stumble but not you,
On hiccough, through, lough and thorough.
Well done! And now you wish, perhaps,
To learn of less familiar traps.
Beware of heard, a dreadful word
That looks like beard and sounds like bird,
And dead--it's said like bed, not bead.
For goodness's sake, don't call it deed!
Watch out for meat and great and threat:
They rhyme with suite and straight and debt.
A moth is not a moth in mother,
Nor both in bother, broth in brother,
And here is not a match for there,
Nor dear and fear for bear and pear,
And then there's dose and rose and lose -
Just look them up - and goose and choose,
And cork and work and card and ward,
And font and front and word and sword,
And do and go and thwart and cart.
Come, come, I've hardly made a start.
A dreadful language? Man alive,
I'd mastered it when I was five.
1. 100 most often mispronounced words - your dictionary.
2. Mind your language from - channelnews asia.
3. A compilation by Lafemmefatale - play park forum.
4. 双语桥 - RSI
5. Common mispronunciation - Putera
6. Importance of correct pronunciation - Cari
7. Got to pronounce these right - HKU
8. *pdf file - Glossary of words commonly mispronounced by HK students - HK VTC
Posted by clim at 3:45 AM 2 comments
Labels: About Language | 语文天地
Thursday, April 17, 2008
Simple Language
I've noticed that a lot of my recent words are unnecessarily long. Articles are written to be red, so it should be precise and easy to understand. I love "simple language" but I have problems in practising it. It needs more careful attention to write short than to write long. When time allows, I will study on George Well's article "Politics and the English Language" carefully. Before that, let's just get to the summarized six rules for writers mentioned in that article:
- Never use a metaphor, simile, or other figure of speech which you are used to seeing in print.
- Never use a long word where a short one will do.
- If it is possible to cut a word out, always cut it out.
- Never use the passive voice where you can use the active.
- Never use a foreign phrase, a scientific word, or a jargon word if you can think of an everyday English equivalent.
- Break any of these rules sooner than say anything outright barbarous.
And a writing style guide for journalists from the Economist.
The importance of writing article concisely in this knowledge age is obvious since we have many information to absorb everyday.
同样的,用华文写作也应精简,但也许我们不知道自己写得冗长。真感兴趣的,可以读一读下面的文章:
<余光中:论中文之西化>
<余光中:从西而不化到西而化之>
<余光中:论中文的常态与变态>
Posted by clim at 3:41 AM 1 comments
Labels: About Language | 语文天地
Thursday, March 27, 2008
A journey of learning
This journey actually began 15 years ago. But for most of the time it was a package tour, led by knowledgeable tour guide. After that tour I hadn't been spending much time to explore, only until recently I decided to continue the journey - in the form of backpacking.
Resuming the journey was actually at the top of my list of things that I want to achieve in these 4 years of U-life. But there were so many things to be taken care of that I had slowly forgotten this objective.
And then a sharp question suddenly occupied my mind so much: is there a major improvement in my English for these 4 years? What will be the difference in my English skills before entering university and after? Did I do enough to improve it?
The answer is no. Although I am more used to using English to think, write and speak; I still feels there isn't any major improvement because I didn't really resume the journey of learning. As I didn't sow, I shouldn't expect to reap. So this is my last chance to sow, before I starts to work.
I am now alternating between different methods in improving my English to keep my interest fresh. These include learning idioms, collecting and expanding vocabularies in certain fields like soccer and politics, listening to Western songs, listening to English news, browsing forums, reading grammar handbook. Of course there is one habit I have been consistent in doing it, which is to blog in English. So I've call upon addictive force of blogging to help me in this endeavour.
My first destination will be to think, to write and to speak as natural as I am using my Mandarin to do so. Second will be to bridge English and Mandarin so that I can use both languages interchangeably with a solid understanding of differences between both languages. These could be life-long journey so perhaps there will not be an end for it.
After ENS presentation I've also noticed my shortcoming in speaking English. Although I can talk without much prior preparation, most of it are rubbish sentences which couldn't convey a clear message to audience in an efficient way. That applies to some of the daily conservations too. So I need to change my style of talking and purposely slow down to think properly before uttering out the words.
Hopefully the more I write, the more I can write. Quoting from the grammar handbook that I am currently reading, "the best way to improve your writing skills is to write a lot and make a lot of mistake while always in your mind thinking that there might be better way.“
The journey resumes again.
Posted by clim at 2:58 AM 0 comments
Labels: About Language | 语文天地
Wednesday, March 12, 2008
Common American Idioms
Excerpt and rearrange from 在线英语听力吧
Related to body parts
a) Hand
-- give me a hand (帮我一下忙)
-- to work hand in glove (密切合作)
b) Foot / Feet
-- foot the bill (付账)
-- the shoe is on the other foot (情况完全不同)
-- to put your best foot forward (给人留下好印象)
-- to get off on the wrong foot (在做某件事的时候一开始就给人一个坏印象,或者一开始就把事弄糟了)
-- to put one's foot in one's mouth (无意中说错了话而伤害了别人)
-- to get a foot in the door (为了达到一个目的而迈出了第一步)
-- to land on your feet (逢凶化吉)
-- to stand on one's own two feet (很独立自主,不依赖别人)
-- jump in and get your feet wet (到实践中去学习取得经验)
-- cold feet (事到临头打退堂鼓,对原先有信心的事感到胆怯了)
-- to be dead on one's feet (两只脚非常累)
-- to throw oneself at someone's feet (是为了表达对某人的爱慕之情或为了得到一些好处而拜倒在某人的脚下)
-- to be swept off one's feet (因兴奋而感到不由自主)
-- don't let the grass grow under one's feet (劝人不要停止不前,浪费时间)
c) Arm
-- to twist someone's arm (强迫某人做你要他做的事)
-- to charge someone an arm and a leg (要价太高)
-- up in arms (进行武装斗争,或者非常愤怒,准备打架)
-- at arm's length / to keep someone at arm's length (某人保持一定距离)
d) Leg
-- to shake one's leg (赶快动作)
-- to pull one's leg (和别人开玩笑)
-- break a leg (祝愿别人成功)
e) Ear
-- to play by ear (到时候再看着办)
-- goes in one ear and out the other (左耳进,右耳出)
-- to keep an ear to the ground (保持高度警觉)
-- up to one's ears (很忙 & 完全介入某件事)
f) Nose
-- to be led by the nose (被别人牵着鼻子走)
-- under your nose (没有看到就在自己身边的东西)
-- to follow your nose (一直走)
-- to pay through the nose (付出很高价钱)
g) Neck
-- to break your neck (尽一切努力去做某件事)
-- to stick your neck out (是指为了某人或某件事冒风险)
-- pain in the neck (非常令人讨厌)
-- neck and neck (双方齐头并进,竞争十分紧张,不分上下)
h) Heart
-- to have a heart (请求别人对他表示同情,或者也可以说是要求别人做做好事,帮帮忙)
-- cross my heart (向别人保证,向别人发誓,表明自己说的话是诚实的)
-- heart stood still (指一个人因为受到惊吓而他的心似乎都停止跳动了)
-- heart-to-heart talk (谈心)
Related to clothes
a) shirt
-- to keep your shirt on (不要紧张 & 在不了解清楚情况的时候就发火)
-- to lose one's shirt (失去一切)
-- a stuffed shirt (爱摆架子,表现得神气十足的人)
-- to give you the shirt off his back (尽自己的力量帮助别人)
b) socks
-- to pull your socks up (振作起来)
-- to knock your socks off (令人感到吃惊)
Related to colours
a) red
-- in the red (亏本)
-- to roll out the red carpet (像贵宾一样欢迎)
-- a red letter day (大喜日子)
-- red tape (指官僚主义)
b) black and white
-- in the black (赚钱)
-- white hats and black hats (好人和坏人)
-- a black sheep (一个给他周围的人带来耻辱的人)
-- a white lie (为了避免使对方感到难受而说的谎话)
c) green
-- green thumb (在种花、种菜方面很有才能的人)
-- green light (说某个计划,或某件事没有遇到障碍,可以按计划进行)
d) blue
-- singing the blues (诉苦、抱怨)
-- like a bolt out of the blue (晴天霹雳,也就是出乎意外、没料想到 & 来形容车祸)
Related to food
-- as American as apple pie (苹果排一样具有美国特色)
-- greasy spoon (价廉物美的小饭馆)
-- potluck (每个人都带一样菜的一种聚会)
-- doggy bag (把在饭馆里吃剩下来的饭菜装在里面带回家的口袋)
-- sunny side up (要荷包蛋只煎一面)
-- over easy (是荷包蛋两面都煎一下)
-- hot potato (难解决的问题)
-- a piece of cake (形容事情很容易办)
Related to water
-- in hot water (面临严重困难)
-- to throw cold water on something (泼冷水)
-- to hold water (理由确实,站得住脚)
-- water off a duck's back (毫无作用)
-- to make my mouth water (让我流口水)
Related to laughs
-- just for laughs (纯属为了取乐)
-- to laugh up one's sleeve (暗暗发笑)
-- a horse laugh (不信任的嘲笑)
-- the last laugh (最后胜利的喜悦)
Related to “hotness"
-- hot seat (那种可能会产生麻烦的情形)
-- hot potato (难解决的问题)
-- hot and bothered(一个人由于某件事而感到很激动`生气或担忧)
Related to monkey
-- monkey business (不道德或不合法的行为,往往是偷偷摸摸和具有欺骗性的行为,例如盗用公款等)
-- to make a monkey out of somebody (把某人弄得好像一个傻瓜一样)
Related to insects
-- ants in your pants (因紧张或不耐烦等,而坐立不安)
-- to have butterflies in one's stomach (心情不安,心里感到七上八下)
-- to bug someone (使人心烦、令人讨厌的意思,或者也可以解释为“窃听”)
-- to louse up (弄糟、毁坏)
Originated from poker card games
-- poker face (脸上没有表情,不露声色)
-- close to your vest (谨慎小心,保守秘密)
-- sweeten the pot (为了使一个提议更有吸引力而增加一些对对方有利的条件)
-- the cards are stacked against you (你处于很不利的情况下,成功的机会很少)
Originated from western frontier life in America
-- to keep an ear to the ground (保持高度警觉)
-- to fly off the handle (发脾气,发火)
-- to bark up the wrong tree (找错了门或错怪了人)
-- top gun
-- to stick to one's guns (坚持自己正在进行的工作,不管外来的压力有多大)
-- shooting the breeze (闲聊天)
Originated from aeroplane flying
-- right on the beam,(一个人做某件事做得很对)
-- to fly by the seat of my pants (在做某件事的时候没有明确的指导,也缺乏足够的知识)
-- to bail out (指跳伞,或解救困难)
-- nose dive (急剧下降,或一落千丈)
Originated from sports
-- rain check (给予第二次机会)
-- to go all out (尽全力去做一件事,或达到某个目的)
Others
-- to go though hell or high water (不管有多大的困难,有多少危险,仍勇往直前)
-- to go for broke (竭尽全力或孤注一掷)
-- to go overboard (鲁莽从事,也就是在没有很好地考虑后果的情况下就采取行动)
-- blow up (用炸药炸毁东西) , (发脾气), (给球或轮胎打气), (放大照片)
-- blow out (轮胎炸了), (把火灭掉), (电灯的保险丝断了), (规模很大,排场很讲究的聚会)
-- lock, stock and barrel (全部)
-- hook, line and sinker (全部, 可是它还带有受骗的意思)
-- to take candy from a baby (形容事情很容易办)
-- it never rains but it pours (祸不单行)
Posted by clim at 12:51 AM 4 comments
Labels: About Language | 语文天地
Thursday, November 30, 2006
结束(二):韩语上课记
Posted by clim at 3:02 AM 0 comments
Labels: About Language | 语文天地
结束(一):普通话教学记
Posted by clim at 2:15 AM 0 comments
Labels: About Language | 语文天地
Sunday, November 5, 2006
杂文重整
每个人都活在群体中,但又必须在群体当中找寻自己。不是应该自个在深山独处才能找到自己么?不是,因为没有比较。阅人无数,方能懂最适合自己的性格是什么;阅历丰富,才能更容易找到自我。无怪乎,即便圣人如孔子也要活到七十才知天命。我想,自我是分散躲藏在各种生活经验角落当中的,因为人在对不同的人、事、物上都有不同的反应,只有把这些反应集合起来做一个合理的分析,才能对自我窥知一二。
在很多情况下,本性真的很难移,即便你以为自己和以往不同了,其实也不过是换个姿势在原地踏步而已。但话说回来,如果不是极端的罪恶,为什么有必要在另一天就把自己变成另一个人呢?又不是患了人格分裂症。矛盾吧!或许我想要表达的是:往好的方向改变并不是一朝一夕的事,在瞬间的所谓“往好的改变”往往经不过时间的考验。因为,骤变含有太多的感性成分,通常都不太理性。欲速则不达,持续缓慢的前进难道不比短暂的急速冲击有效么?
与其花时间去祷告,不如花时间去思考。宗教典籍藏有非常深邃的智慧,是拿来启发思考的,不是拿来当饲料喂进每个人的口的。不肯尽信经典的人其实才是最具智慧的人。尽信书不如无书,如果智慧就是背诵一本经典这么简单,那记忆大师必然是无上的智者。可惜许多宗教就像个大钟罩,不让人四处寻找智慧,反而把人困在里面,教条般灌输其一面的“真理”,没有教导出智者,反而教育出许多偏激的笨钟人。多么伟大的反讽!你越能确信的东西,越可能让你陷入死胡同,如果你不仔细思量的话。我不认为“世界末日”的来临有多么恐怖,反倒是如果有一天全世界的人都只聆听一个“神”的声音,那将是世界的灾难。
视野啊!视野!眼睛的视野可以用人工的360度代表,心灵的视野不可能被代表。正因为大脑思维和情绪世界的复杂,世上才有数千种语言的存在,每一种语言的每一个字都有各自的内涵和外延,都是脑里某几条线的连接。语言帮助讯息的传达,也同时塑造着思维的方向。诚然弱势语言的消失让人惋惜,但我们不能不承认,根据自然法则,我们生活在一个弱肉强食的社会。当你惋惜吹捧英语削弱了普通话的影响力的时候,别忘了推行普通话的政策削弱了粤语的影响力,也别忘了粤语的强势削弱了广州内其他方言的影响力。
Posted by clim at 11:41 AM 0 comments
Labels: About Ideology | 理念思考, About Language | 语文天地, About Life | 寻梦之路, About Psi | 精神世界, About Society | 世事人情

